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BACKGROUND@#There is little published evidence about the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the progression from prehypertension to hypertension. This study was conducted to investigate the association of NAFLD and its severity with the risk of hypertension developing from prehypertension.@*METHODS@#The study cohort comprised 25,433 participants from the Kailuan study with prehypertension at baseline; those with excessive alcohol consumption and other liver diseases were excluded. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography and stratified as mild, moderate, or severe. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident hypertension according to the presence and 3 categories of severity of NAFLD.@*RESULTS@#During a median of 12.6 years of follow-up, 10,638 participants progressed to hypertension from prehypertension. After adjusting for multiple risk factors, patients with prehypertension and NAFLD had a 15% higher risk of incident hypertension than those without NAFLD (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.21). Moreover, the severity of NAFLD was associated with the incidence of hypertension, which was higher in patients with more severe NAFLD (HR = 1.15 [95% CI 1.10-1.21] in the mild NAFLD group; HR = 1.15 [95% CI 1.07-1.24] in the moderate NAFLD group; and HR = 1.20 [95% CI 1.03-1.41] in the severe NAFLD group). Subgroup analysis indicated that age and baseline systolic blood pressure may modify this association.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NAFLD is an independent risk factor for hypertension in patients with prehypertension. The risk of incident hypertension increases with the severity of NAFLD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Prehypertension/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Hypertension , IncidenceABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion in the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 42 patients with cirrhosis type F3 esophageal varices admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 21 cases in each group. The observation group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion, while the control group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol. The differences in the effectiveness (remission rate of varices) and safety (incidence of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative rebleeding, incidence of ectopic embolism, incidence of esophageal ulcer, incidence of esophageal perforation, incidence of esophageal stricture) of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:The total effective rate of relieving esophageal varices in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group [95.2%(20/21) vs 61.9%(13/21), χ 2=6.929, P=0.008]. There were no cases of ectopic embolism in both groups; The intraoperative bleeding rate in the observation group was 4.8% (1/21), significantly lower than the 38.1% (8/21) in the control group (χ 2=6.929, P=0.008); There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative rebleeding rates between the two groups [33.3%(7/21) vs 23.8%(5/21), χ 2=0.467, P=0.495]; The incidence of esophageal ulcers in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [23.8%(5/21) vs 0, χ 2=5.676, P=0.017], mainly caused by glue discharge ulcers; There were no cases of esophageal perforation and esophageal stricture in both groups. Conclusions:Endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion for the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis is safe, can greatly reduce the occurrence of intraoperative bleeding, and has a better one-time variceal eradication effect.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effects of total saponins from Panax notognseng (PNS) combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cell xenograft.@*METHODS@#We examined the effects of treatment with different concentrations of PNS on H22 cell proliferation for 24 to 72 h in vitro using CCK8 colorimetric assay. Annexin V/PI double fluorescence staining was used to detect the effect of PNS on apoptosis of H22 cells. Mouse models bearing H22 cell xenograft were established and treated with CTX (25 mg/kg), PNS (120, 240 or 480 mg/kg), alone or in combinations. After treatments for consecutive 10 days, the mice were euthanized for examinations of carbon clearance ability of the monocytes and macrophages, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), serum hemolysin antibody level, blood indicators, and the tumor inhibition rate.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with PNS concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and significantly promoted apoptosis of cultured H22 cells (P < 0.01). In the tumor-bearing mouse models, PNS alone and its combination with CTX both resulted in obvious enhancement of phagocytosis of the monocyte-macrophages, stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, promoted the release of TNF-α and IL-2 and the production of serum hemolysin antibody, and increased the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Treatment with 480 mg/kg PNS combined with CTX resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 83.28% (P < 0.01) and a life prolonging rate of 131.25% in the mouse models (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#PNS alone or in combination with CTX can improve the immunity and tumor inhibition rate and prolong the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Hemolysin Proteins , Heterografts , Interleukin-2 , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Panax notoginseng , Saponins/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Purpose@#The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early stage of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. @*Methods@#We recruited 1,099 women to complete an online questionnaire survey from February 10 to February 25, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups (the pregnant women group and the control group). @*Results@#Concerns about infection: most of the participants watched the COVID-19 news at least once a day. Protective behaviors: the utilization rate of pregnant women (often using various measures) was higher than that of nonpregnant women. Exercise: 30.6% of the pregnant women continued to exercise at home, whereas in the control group, this percentage was 8.4%. Spouse relationship: 38.8% of the subjects’ relationship improved, whereas only 2.3% thought the relationship was getting worse. @*Conclusion@#Pregnant women had some unique behavioral responses different from that of nonpregnant women. It is important to understand the behavioral responses of pregnant women in this network era.
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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early stage of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. @*Methods@#We recruited 1,099 women to complete an online questionnaire survey from February 10 to February 25, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups (the pregnant women group and the control group). @*Results@#Concerns about infection: most of the participants watched the COVID-19 news at least once a day. Protective behaviors: the utilization rate of pregnant women (often using various measures) was higher than that of nonpregnant women. Exercise: 30.6% of the pregnant women continued to exercise at home, whereas in the control group, this percentage was 8.4%. Spouse relationship: 38.8% of the subjects’ relationship improved, whereas only 2.3% thought the relationship was getting worse. @*Conclusion@#Pregnant women had some unique behavioral responses different from that of nonpregnant women. It is important to understand the behavioral responses of pregnant women in this network era.
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Objective: To retrospectively analyze the allergen characteristics and the onset season of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in Shanghai, China. Methods: From Jan. 1, 2015 to Dec. 31, 2017, 1 570 suspected AR patients were selected from the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University). One milliliter of serum was extracted from each patient and the specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels of 22 kinds of allergens and total IgE levels were detected using allergen specific IgE antibody detection kit (immunoblotting method). The AR patients were divided into 5-16, 17-39, 40-64 and ≥65 years old groups, and the positive rates of allergens were compared. The number of AR patients with one or more positive allergens was recorded every month, and the seasonal distribution of positive allergen was analyzed. Results: Of the 1 570 suspected AR patients, 143 (9.1%) had elevated serum total IgE, and 1 182 (75.3%) had one or more positive allergens, including 491 (41.5%) with single positive allergen and 691 (58.5%) with two or more positive allergens. Among the 22 kinds of allergens, dust mites (including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae) were the most common allergens (715 cases, 60.5%), followed by penicillin (239 cases, 20.2%) and Chinese parasol (167 cases, 14.1%). Among the 1 182 AR patients, 17-39 years old was the highest proportion (61.0%, 721 cases). The positive rate of dust mites in the 5-16 years old group was significantly higher than those in the 17-39, 40-64 and ≥65 years old groups (all P<0.05). The prevalence peaks of AR were in Apr., May, Jun., Aug., Sep., Oct. and Nov.; and the numbers of AR patients with one or more positive allergens were 175±21, 156±16, 259±31, 172±15, 176±14, 164±4 and 204±32, respectively, which were significantly higher than the average value (97±42) of 36 months from Jan. 1, 2015 to Dec. 31, 2017 (all P<0.05). The positive detection time of dust mites was mainly in May, Jun., Jul., Aug., Sep. and Nov.; and the numbers of dust mite positive AR patients were 64±11, 113±21, 68±18, 76±15, 70±11 and 89±21, respectively, which were significantly higher than the average value (52±32) of the 36 months (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Dust mites are the most common and main allergens of AR patients in Shanghai, China. The proportion is high in AR patients aged 17-39 years old, and the prevalence peaks are from Apr. to Jun. and from Aug. to Nov..
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of total spine endoscopy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation combined with posterior apophyseal ring separation.@*METHODS@#From January 2015 to January 2018, a total of 21 patients with lumbar disc herniation complicated with posterior apophyseal ring separation were treated with total spine endoscopy via interlamina approach. There were 17 males and 4 females. The age ranged from 18 to 48 years old and the median age was 27 years old. All were single segment unilateral disc herniation, interlaminar approach was adopted, and the herniated disc was removed unilaterally at the symptomatic side under the microscope, and all or part of the broken bonewas removed.@*RESULTS@#There were no complications such as incision infection, intervertebral space infection, intestinal injury, dural injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The operation time ranged from 32 to 92 minutes and the median time was 57 minutes. Postoperative imaging examination showed that 2 patients had complete resection of osteotomy of posterior edge of vertebral body, 16 patients had partially resection and 3 patients had no resection. All intervertebral discs were completely removed. All 21 patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 36 months, with a median of 15 months. The VAS of lumbago was 7.10±1.20 before surgery, 3.46±0.23 on the 3rd day after surgery, 2.36±0.19 on the 6th month after surgery; and the VAS of leg pain was 8.80±0.55 before surgery, 3.54±0.28 on the 3rd day after surgery, and 2.59±0.26 on the 6th month after surgery. The Oswestry Disability Index score was (69.71±9.37)% before surgery, (32.19±6.95)% on the 6th month after surgery, and (20.95± 6.16)% at the latest follow up. Onthe 1st year after operation, 16 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 fair according to Macnab evaluation system.@*CONCLUSION@#Total spine endoscopy via interlaminal approach can be used as an option in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation combined with vertebral posterior margin dissociation, which can reduce trauma and injury to the lumbar dorsal muscle and achieve similar decompression effect as open surgery. The long term efficacy needs to be further proved by prospective randomized controlled studies with larger sample size.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Diskectomy, Percutaneous , Intervertebral Disc Displacement , Lumbar Vertebrae , Neuroendoscopy , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) related to chemotherapy with CCCG-ALL-2015 regimen in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the risk factors for death after the SAEs.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 734 children with ALL. They were treated with CCCG-ALL-2015 regimen from January 2015 to June 2019. The occurrence of SAEs during the treatment was investigated. The children with SAEs were divided into a death group with 25 children and a survival group with 31 children. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for death after the SAEs.@*RESULTS@#Among the 734 children with ALL, 56 (7.6%) experienced SAEs (66 cases) after chemotherapy, among which 41 cases occurred in the stage of remission induction therapy. Of all 66 cases of SAEs, 46 (70%) were infection-related SAEs, including 25 cases of septic shock (38%), 20 cases of severe pneumonia (30%), and 1 case of severe chickenpox (2%), and 87% of the children with infection-related SAEs had neutrophil deficiency. The most common infection sites were blood and the lungs. The most common pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Gram-positive bacteria. There were 16 cases (24%) of hemorrhage-related SAEs, with 11 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding (17%), 4 cases of pulmonary bleeding (6%), and 1 case of intracranial bleeding (2%). Of all 734 children with ALL, 66 (9.0%) died, among whom 25 died due to SAEs. The treatment-related mortality rate was 3.4%, and infection (72%) and bleeding (24%) were the main causes of death. Severe pneumonia was an independent risk factor for treatment-related death in ALL children (OR=4.087, 95%CI: 1.161-14.384, P=0.028).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SAEs often occur in the stage of remission induction therapy, and infection-related SAEs are more common in ALL children accepting chemotherapy with CCCG-ALL-2015 regimen. The development of severe pneumonia suggests an increased risk for death in these children.
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Child , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Neutrophils , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Drug Therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of acupuncture combined with sertraline hydrochloride and simple sertraline hydrochloride on tumor-related depression.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with tumor-related depression who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group, 30 patients in each group. The routine treatment in department of oncology were given in both groups, oral sertraline hydrochloride (25 mg daily for the first 5 days, then 50 mg daily) was given in the control group; on the basis of the treatment in the control group, and acupuncture was applied at Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3), Shenmen (HT 7)，etc. in the observation group，twice a week .The two groups were treated continuously for 4 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) score and the quality of life score (QLQ-C30 questionnaire) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the HAMD scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (both <0.05), and the HAMD scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (<0.05). In the observation group, the symptom scores of fatigue, pain, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, insomnia, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea were significantly lower than those before treatment (all <0.05), and the physical, cognitive, emotional function, and the overall quality of life score were significantly higher than those before treatment (all <0.05); in the control group, the symptom scores of insomnia decreased compared with that before treatment (<0.05), and the emotional function and overall quality of life score were higher than those before treatment (both <0.05); in addition to economic difficulties, roles and social functions, the other scores after treatment in the observation group were significantly improved than those in the control group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combination of acupuncture and sertraline hydrochloride tablets is better than simple sertraline hydrochloride in the treatment of tumor-related depression, and it can improve the accompanying symptoms and improve quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Depression , Therapeutics , Quality of Life , Sertraline , Tablets , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The aim of this paper was to study the curative effect of Huotan Jiedu Tongluo (HTJDTL) decoction on a rabbit model with early atherosclerosis (AS),and furtherly to explore whether it could inhibit the BH4/eNOS uncoupling ROS or not. Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, HTJDTL decoction group and atorvastatin group. Rabbit models with early atherosclerosis were established by high fat diet, nitrogen drying and carotid artery balloon injury. The rabbits were sacrificed at 7th days after balloon injury and several parameters were measured. The pathological morphology of the common carotid artery was observed by HE staining. The blood lipids were detected by peroxidase method. The ratio of vascular eNOS dimer and monomer was measured by Western blot. The ELISA and biochemical technology were respectively used for testing BH4 and ROS levels in serum. The results showed that compared with the sham operation group, the model group had mild stenosis of the common carotid artery lumen, uneven intimal hyperplasia, lipid deposition in the intima and media, and obvious hyperplasia of the adventitia with inflammatory cell infiltration. The HTJDTL decoction could significantly inhibit the intimal hyperplasia compared with the model group, meanwhile, reduce the lipid deposition of the media and the infiltration of the adventitial cells. Compared with the sham operation group, the blood lipids and ROS of the model animals significantly increased, but BH4 and the ratio of eNOS dimer/monomer decreased. Compared with the model group, HTJDTL decoction significantly reduced the TC, ox-LDL and ROS levels, and also up-regulated eNOS dimer/monomer ratio, but it increased BH4 trend without statistical difference. According to the results, it was found that HTJDTL decoction couldsignificantly prevent and improve the vascular remodeling of rabbits model with early atherosclerosis. The mechanism of decoction may largely be related to the inhibition of BH4/eNOS uncoupling and the reduction of oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Atherosclerosis , Drug Therapy , Carotid Arteries , Pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III , Metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Random Allocation , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
@#AIM:To investigate the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)combined with pan retinal photocoagulation(PRP)on neovascular glaucoma(NVG)and its effect on VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor-C(PDGF-C)in aqueous humor. <p>METHODS: A total of 90 patients with NVG(93 eyes)who underwent examination and treatment in our hospital from November 2016 to November 2017 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group was treated with PRP, and the observation group was treated with laser photocoagulation combined with vitreous injection of ranibizumab. The clinical efficacy, iris neovascularization and visual recovery were compared between the two groups after treatment. And we compared the retinal vein circulation time, intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, visual field defect value, VEGF and PDGF-C levels in aqueous humor and adverse reactions before and after treatment. <p>RESULTS: At 1mo after treatment, the clinical efficacy, iris neovascularization and visual recovery were better than the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, the retinal vein circulation time, intraocular pressure, visual field defect, aqueous humor VEGF and PDGF-C levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group, and RNFL was significantly higher than the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The use of PRP combined with anti-VRGF drugs for NVG can inhibit angiogenesis and restore retinal function more effectively, which may be better because the combination therapy has better down-regulation of VEGF and PDGF-C.
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Objective To explore the role of Notch signaling pathway in the matrix synthesis of osteoarthritis cartilage cell and its possi -ble mechanism.Methods Selected the femoral condylar cartilage of 8 patients who were admitted into our hospital and treated with knee joint replacement as the observation group,while the normal femoral condyle cartilage of one patient with above-knee amputation was selected as the control group.The specimens were given histological examination or cell isolation culture and detection.The cultured cells were divided into 4 groups,namely the normal cartilage cells,OA cartilage cells,OA cartilage cells with γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT,OA cartilage cells with recombinant human proteins Delta4.Then immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used for detecting the expression of Notch -1,Notch-3, Jagged-1,Jagged-2 and HES5 in chondrocytes in vitro.Results The expression of Notch signaling pathway and the phenotype of cartilage cells changed in the osteoarthritis.The expression of Notch-1,Jagged-1,Jagged-2 and HES5 were activated.γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT (20 μmol/L)could inhibit the expression of Notch-1,HES5,Jagged-1,and Notch-3,while it had no obvious effect on the expreesion of Jag-ged-2.Recombinant human proteins Delta 4(100 ng/μL)could promote the expression of Notch-1,Jagged-2,and HES5,and it had no obvi-ous effect on the expreesion of Jagged-1 and Notch-3.Conclusion The expression of Notch signaling pathway of cartilage cells changed in the osteoarthritis.DLL4 can activate the Notch signaling pathway and DAPT can inhibit the Notch signaling pathway.
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Objective To analyze the results of 3 investigations(2002-2004,2008-2009,and 2016)of major parasitic dis-eases in Shixing County,so as to provide the evidence for formulating further control strategies. Methods With the stratified clus-ter sampling method,5 administrative villages were investigated. A total of 200 residents aged above 3 years were sampled in each village to investigate the eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes with Kato-Katz technique,and the swab method was applied for detecting the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis in children aged 3-9 years. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results To-tally 3857 individuals were surveyed for intestinal parasites,and 5 species of parasites were found and the total infection rates were 28.37%,4.32%and 0.50%in the 3 investigations respectively,and there were statistically significant differences between any two investigations(χ2=287.64,327.60 and 31.89 respectively,and all P<0.01). The infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoi-des,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura and Clonorchis sinensis significantly decreased in the third investigation compared with those in the first investigation(χ2 =424.55,55.45,43.40 and 26.12 respectively,all P<0.01). However,there was no significant difference between the E. vermicularis infection rates of the first investigation and the third investigation(χ2=0.16,P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with the status in the first investigation,the infection rates of A. lumbricoides,hookworm,T. trichiura and C. sinensis are significantly decreased by 90%or more in the third investigation. However,the children's infection rate of E. vermicularis is still very high. Therefore,we should focus on the comprehensive control measures of E. vermicularis infection while formulating further control strategies of parasitic diseases.
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This study was aimed to investigate potential biomarkers in different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease (CHD) by using metabolomic technology,and to explore the objective law of different TCM syndromes of CHD.Endogenous metabolites in serum and urine from the healthy group,and patients with DHD angina pectoris patients of the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis,as well as the syndrome of Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity were detected by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Metabolic profiles were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).The results showed that in PCA,the healthy group,Qi deficiency and blood stasis group,as well as the Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity group can be obviously distinguished.Potential biomarkers in the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome contained aspartyl methionine and cysteine sulfinic acid.Potential biomarkers in the Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome contained hippuric acid,amino glucose,fructosamine and triglyceride.The objective performance of Qi deficiency syndrome was the absence of biotin,lysyl tyrosine,phosphatidylglycerol and glycocholic acid.It was concluded that through the new metabolomic technology,different endogenous metabolites in the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis,as well as the syndrome of Qi deficiency,blood stasis and phlegm turbidity of patients with DHD angina pectoris were detected.It provided ideas for the clinical practice of prevention,diagnosis and treatment of different TCM syndromes.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of ganoderma spore oil(GSO) on behavior of the mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and its possible neurophysiology mechanisms. METHODS: Thirteen different kinds of chronic unpredictable mild stress were given to the male BALB/C mice for establishing the mouse model of depression. The mice were treated with GSO at 3 doses (850, 283, 141.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) or vehicle [(oil) or fluoxetine (10 mg·kg-1·d-1)] by oral administration from the 3rd week. After 2 weeks administration, the mice was evaluated by behavioral tests, and the contents of hippocampal glutamate (GLU) and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) were analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The contents of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by ELISA kit. RESULTS: Compared with model group, GSO increased the body weight, sucrose preference rate and open field test score, shortened the immobility time in the tails suspension test and forced swimming test in the depression mice (P0.05) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: GSO shows obvious anti-depressant effect on depressant model mice. The antidepressant effect of GSO may be related to decreasing GLU contents and increasing BDNF contents.
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To study the effects of squalene on behavior and related proteins of glutamate toxicity pathways in the mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), thirteen different kinds of CUMS were applied to the male BALB/C mice for 35 days to establish the mouse model of CUMS depression. The stress conditions include food deprivation, noise, stroboscopic lighting, hot stress (45℃), brake, exposure to lower temperature (4℃), shake, soiled cage, clamp tail, water deprivation, swimming, electric shock, presence of a foreign object in the home cage. The mice were treated with squalene at 3 doses (80, 40 and 20 mg·kg-1·d-1) through oral administration from the 3rd week continuously. Three weeks later, the impacts were evaluated in the mice with behavioral tests, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hippocampal glutamate (GLU) contents, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in hippocampus were measured by spectropho-tometry or reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Western blot was used to examine the expression level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits epsilon-2 (NMDAε2), calmodulin kinaseⅡ (CaMKⅡ) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) in hippocampus. Compared with model group, the squalene-treated mice exhibited an increase in body weight, sucrose preference rate and the times of crossing-movement and rearing-movement, shortened the immobility time in the tails suspension test and forced swimming test in the depression mice (PPε2, CaMKⅡ and NOS1 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, squalene shows anti-depressant effect on depressant model in mice, meanwhile the downregulated ROS, related proteins of GLU-NMDAε2-CaMKⅡ-NOS1 signal pathways may be related to the antidepressant effect of squalene.
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Objective:To explore the influence of Shenhong Tongluo Granules in the lipid levels,atherosclerosis plaques and apoptosis in the plaques of atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knokout mice,and to clarify the mechanism of Shenhong Tongluo Granules in anti-atherosclerosis.Methods:Forty SPF male mice aged six-week old were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low dose of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) group and high dose of TCM group (n=10)after fed adaptively for 1 week.The mice in normal control group were fed with normal diet continuously, the mice in other three groups were fed with high fat diet to establish atherosclerosis model,and then the mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were respectively given Shenhong Tongluo Granules (5.06 and 10.12 g·kg-1 · d-1 )by gavage for 6 weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)of the mice in various groups were measured after the eyeball blood was collected.The aortic arch tissue was separated,and the morphotogy and the areas of atherosclerotic plaques were observed and calculated by HE staining;the apoptosis in plaques of the mice was evaluated by TUNEL method, and the apoptosis index was calculated. The expressions of apoptosis-assoicated gene Bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured by immunohistochemical staining.Results:The serum level of TG in low dose of TCM group was lower than that in model group (P <0.05);the serum levels of HDL-C in low and high doses of TCM groups were lower than that in model group (P <0.05 or P <0.01);the serum levels of TG and HDL-C in high dose of TCM group was higher than that in low dose of TCM group (P <0.05).The areas of atherosclerotic plaques of the mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were significantly smaller than that in model group (P <0.01).The apoptosis index of mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were significantly lower than that in model group (P <0.01);the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in atherosclerosis plaques of the mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were lower than that in model group,while the expression levels of Bax were significantly higher than that in model group (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Conclusion:Shenhong Tongluo Granules could effectively reduce the serum lipid level of ApoE-/-mice,meanwhile it could inhibit apoptosis by regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein,and then inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Objective:To explore the influence of rosuvastatin in the lipid levels, atherosclerosis plaque and apoptosis in the plaque of atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knockout mouse models, and to clarify the mechanism of rosuvastatin in inhibiting atheromatous plaque and apoptosis in the plaque.Methods:Thirty healthy six-week old male mice were randomly divided into high fat diet group (n=10),rosuvastatin group (n=10)and general diet control group (n=10).The mice in first two groups were fed with high fat diet,and the mice in general diet control group were fed with general diet;4 weeks later the mice in three groups were respectively given 0.9% NaCl solution,rosuvastatin (10 mg·kg·d-1 )and 0.9% NaCl solution by gavage for 8 weeks.And then ELISA was used to detect the serum lipid levels,the area of atherosclerotic plaque was measured by HE staining, and the apoptosis in plaques was detected by TUNEL method;the expression of apoptosis-assoicated gene Bax protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining.Results:Compared with high fat diet group,the levels of total cholesterol (TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)of the mice in rosuvastatin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the 1evel of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)was significantly increased (P<0.01).The aortic atherosclerotic plaque of the mice in high fat diet group was massive with a great quantity of foam cells, cholesterol crystal, necrotic cells and inflammatory cells in the plaque;the aortic atherosclerotic plaque of the mice in rosuvastatin group was smaller with less foam cells,necrotic cells and inflammatory cells;the aortic atherosclerotic plaque area of the mice in rosuvastatin group was significantly smaller than that in high fat diet group (P<0.01);the apoptotic index in the aortic atherosclerotic plaque of the mice in rosuvastatin group was significantly lower than that in high fat diet group (P<0.01).Compared with high fat diet group,the expression of Bax protein in rosuvastatin group was significantly decreased.Conclusion:Rosuvastatin may inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaque and the apoptosis in plaques through mitochondrial pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and action mechanism of abdominal acupuncture plus plum-blossom needle tapping for primary insomnia.Methods:A total of 66 eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group (n=33) and a control group (n=33). Cases in the observation group received abdominal acupuncture plus plum-blossom needle tapping, whereas cases in the control group received abdominal acupuncture alone. After 2, 6 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks after end of treatment, the patients in both groups were evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and measure your medical outcome profile (MYMOP) based on the patients' self-report. Results:After 2 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate was 90.9% in the observation group, versus 63.6% in the control group, showing a statistical difference (P0.05). After 6 weeks, the sleep quality and efficiency scores in the observation group were better than those in the control group. Four weeks after end of treatment, the scores of sleep quality and MYMOP in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Abdominal acupuncture plus plum-blossom needle tapping can obtain fast, accurate effect for primary insomnia and improve patients' sleep quality and efficiency.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we explored the feasibility of biotin-mediated modified polymeric micelles for pancreatic cancer targeted photodynamic therapy. Poly (ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (mPEG2000-DSPE) served as the drug-loaded material, biotin-poly(ethylene glycol)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (Biotin-PEG3400-DSPE) as the functional material and the polymeric micelles were prepared by a thin-film hydration method. The targeting capability of micelles was investigated by cell uptake assay in vitro and fluorescence imaging in vivo and the amounts of Biotin-PEG-DSPE were optimized accordingly. Hypocrellin B (HB), a novel photosensitizer was then encapsulated in biotinylated polymeric micelles and the anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated systemically in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that micelles with 5 mol % Biotin-PEG-DSPE demonstrated the best targeting capability than those with 20 mol % or 0.5 mol % of corresponding materials. This formulation has a small particle size [mean diameter of (36.74 ± 2.16) nm] with a homogeneous distribution and high encapsulation efficiency (80.06 ± 0.19) %. The following pharmacodynamics assays showed that the biotinylated micelles significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of HB against tumor cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo, suggesting a promising potential of this formulation for treatment of pancreatic cancer, especially those poorly permeable, or insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.